Is Christmas pagan? What is the purpose of Christmas? In this message I answer these two questions.
You can watch the video of this
sermon here.
Introduction
This morning
I want us to again think intentionally about Christmas. I want to preface this
message this morning with a disclaimer that the start of this message may seem
to be anti-Christmas. But this is not my aim, I am a big fan of Christmas, and
if you heard my sermon last week you will know why. The coming of Jesus as a
small child upturned the Spiritual realm and signalled to the devil that his
defeat was near. Also, getting together with family, and friends, celebrating,
blessing each other with gifts, are also all wonderful things. So, my aim is
not to bash Christmas, but to remind you again what the real purpose of
Christmas is, or at least was originally. So, here’s what I am going to do this
morning. I am going to give you a brief history of winter celebrations from
well before Christianity, then I am going to talk about how Christmas came
about and why it came about, and then I am going to show how this applies to us
today, and how we should think come Christmas time.
One of the
tendencies of Christians is that we can become too insular, too inward
thinking, and forget our true purpose in this world is to make disciples. Jesus
designed his church to light the way to him, to show people the way of
salvation, and what this looks like. God leaves us here because he wants us to
bring glimpses of his kingdom justice into this world, to be his witnesses, and
to work through us in creative ways to bring people to salvation. Christmas is
part of this glorious tradition of mission. So, let’s look at the origins of
Christmas and then we shall see how we can apply this knowledge this year, to
be more missionally minded.
But first,
let’s read our guiding passage this morning: Paul says in 1 Corinthians 9:19-23
–
“19 For though I am free from all, I have made myself a
servant to all, that I might win more of them. 20 To the Jews I became as a
Jew, in order to win Jews. To those under the law I became as one under the law
(though not being myself under the law) that I might win those under the law.
21 To those outside the law I became as one outside the law (not being outside
the law of God but under the law of Christ) that I might win those outside the
law. 22 To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak. I have become all
things to all people, that by all means I might save some. 23 I do it all for
the sake of the gospel, that I may share with them in its blessings.”
Just keep
this passage in mind as we begin with a brief look at the history of Christmas.
A Brief History of Christmas - We often like to say that the first
Christmas was when the magi found Jesus and worshipped him. I think this is
legitimate, because they did gather to worship the Lord and celebrate his
birth. But Christmas didn’t become an official Christian celebration or holiday
until about the fourth century AD. It was celebrated before this, but not
officially. In fact, the gospel of Mark, often considered the first gospel
written, does not even mention the birth of Christ, though the other three do. Can
you guess the major festival Christians did celebrate? (Easter).
This isn’t
surprising as Jesus’ death and resurrection are at the centre of our faith. Indeed,
the Easter celebration for Christians replaced the Passover, and the early
Christians referred to the celebration as Pascha, which means Passover in Greek,
because Jesus is the true Passover lamb. So where does Christmas originate?
Winter Solstice – for as long as we know into
pre-history and history the various pagan peoples of Europe celebrated the
winter solstice. This is the shortest day of the year. ‘Solstice’ means ‘the
sun stands still’.
The reason
people were so keen to party at this time of year is, 1) They were celebrating
the fact that the ‘sun was returning to full strength’. The days would get
longer, and it would get warmer. 2) In Northern Europe this time of year is
very bleak, crops don’t grow, you’ve slaughtered your meat for winter, so
drinking, feasting, and partying was a way to slog through the shortest,
darkest days of the year (if you have been to Europe in Winter you will know
what I mean).
In
Scandinavia one tradition at this time of year was to take a massive log,
usually a cut down tree, and from the Winter Solstice (Around December 21st)
they would burn it, they would feast and party until it was fully burnt. It
usually took 12 days to completely burn up. Hence the idea of the 12 days of
Christmas and the yule log.
People would
decorate their homes, and even bring inside trees and plants to make them look
nicer in the bleak winter.
In Germany,
people honoured the pagan God Odin (the father of Thor), who was said to fly
about the sky at night during the Winter Solstice and observe his people’s
behaviour. He had white hair, and a long white beard. He knew when you were
sleeping, he knew when you were awake. He knew if you’d been good or bad…He was
even said to put toys into children’s stockings, left by the chimneys.
Yule, or
Yuletide, or the Winter Solstice stretches back in history as far as we know
these Northern European peoples existed.
Saturnalia – Further south, where it is warmer
and the sun more prominent in winter, the Romans celebrated Saturnalia, which
was the celebration of the Birth of the unconquerable Sun God Mithra. It
finished on the 25th of December.
This
festival included drinking, singing door to door merry songs, sometimes naked, eating
human-shaped biscuits, and the servants would become masters for the period of
the festival, among other things. So where does Christmas come in?
Christmas begins – Our first known mention of Christmas
feast is in 360 AD in the city of Rome. It became an official Christian holiday
later in the fourth century. It was instituted by Pope Julius 1, who established
the date of the 25th of December. So why did they start celebrating
Christmas at the same time of year as this pagan holiday? Well it was all about
discipleship.
Remember
Jesus said that we are to make disciples of all nations, Matthew 28:19-20 – “19
Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of
the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe
all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of
the age.” This is what the fourth century Church was seeking to do, it
was seeking to make disciples of all the people’s in the Roman Empire. In fact,
they were seeking to teach two groups about Jesus:
Firstly, at
about this time there were many heretics in the church who did not believe
Jesus was really a flesh and blood human being, as well as God. What better way
to teach these errant Christians that Jesus was fully human and divine, than
celebrating his miraculous birth.
So, one of the
purposes of Christmas was to teach Christians proper belief about Jesus. Now
very few, if any Christians, don’t know Jesus was God and man, and Christmas helped
this. Every year we celebrate God becoming a man, born of a virgin, in a small
human village.
But it also
aided in bringing ancient pagans into the church. As we know the ancient Romans
liked to party, they loved their holidays, and instead of asking them to give
up everything they loved, the early church took their holidays and rebranded them.
Instead of
celebrating the Sun God, they were taught to worship the true Son of God. Instead
of singing pagan songs, they taught the pagans to sing Christian ones. It
actually took some time for the behaviour of the pagans to change, but
eventually the Christmas celebrations became all about Jesus, and what he
commanded.
By medieval
times Paganism was virtually gone from much of Europe, though some of it was
incorporated in what would become the Roman Catholic Church.
As
Christianity spread out over Europe, and encountered the various Germanic
peoples, which includes all the peoples we think of as English, French, German,
Dutch, Austrian, Scandinavian, Norwegian, etc, they encountered their Winter
celebrations, and again brought them into the church, and gave them new meaning
and significance.
The Germanic
peoples loved to decorate their homes with foliage in winter, hence the origins
of the Christmas tree and Christmas wreaths. We now decorate it with Christians
symbols.
Their Germanic
ideas of Odin, were replaced with Saint Nicholas of Myra, the generous, kind
hearted Christian bishop, who defended the weak, and wasn’t afraid to punch
heretics. This began the seeds of the modern Santa Claus.
It must be
stressed that Saint Nicholas was a person who honoured God in word and deed. He
looked after the poor and oppressed, and he was a staunch defender of Orthodox
Christianity. He was also highly respected among the church. He represented
orthodox Christian belief, which Christmas does as well.
Old Saint
Nick would be horrified to find out that he had replaced Jesus as the central
figure of Christmas. In fact, there is an ancient legend that he slapped the
heretic, Arius, once at the council of Nicea because he did not believe the man
was giving Jesus his rightful respect and honour. It is said they threw him in
jail over that. Whether the legend is true or not, St Nick would not be happy
to know that for many people he has replaced Jesus.
These
ancient Christians kept the feasting, the drinking, the gift giving, and all
the other celebratory functions, but taught the pagans about Jesus, the saviour
who was born of a virgin, who came to achieve their salvation from their false
gods, to believe in the true God.
In other
words, the early church was seeking to obey Jesus in making disciples of the
nations, and they were following Paul’s example of being all things to all
people in order that we may save some. 1 Corinthians 9:19-23 –
“19 For though I am free from all, I have made myself a
servant to all, that I might win more of them. 20 To the Jews I became as a
Jew, in order to win Jews. To those under the law I became as one under the law
(though not being myself under the law) that I might win those under the law.
21 To those outside the law I became as one outside the law (not being outside
the law of God but under the law of Christ) that I might win those outside the
law. 22 To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak. I have become all
things to all people, that by all means I might save some. 23 I do it all for
the sake of the gospel, that I may share with them in its blessings.”
Christmas is
an example of the early church seeking to be all things to all people in order
to save some. It is an example of the church thinking creatively about how to
make disciples, thinking about how it could bring more people into the church,
and therefore more people to faith in Jesus. The true purpose of Christmas was
to make disciples, and it was very effective in doing this.
World’s Culture vs Jesus Christ’s
Culture – But sadly,
Christmas today has become again more of a pagan holiday, than a Christian one.
Over the last 80 years or so the progressive de-Christification of Christmas
has been happening at a consistent rate.
Starting with
heaps of Christmas carols which turned the focus away from Jesus towards the
rituals and outwards shells of Christmas (white snow, silverbells, reindeer,
Rudolph and Santa, presents and more). Followed by movie, after movie, that has
de-emphasized the Christian elements of Christmas more and more. Combined with
marketing that hammers on about Santa Claus and buying expensive gifts. It’s
very obvious what is happening.
We are
living in a time where paganism is seeking to reclaim Christmas again for
itself. Babylon is reasserting itself. Now why is this important?
Because as
Christians we know for certain that at the centre of paganism is this important
fact: it can only offer people bondage. Paganism is designed to turn us away
from the creator towards created things: Romans
1:21-23 says this:
“21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God
or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their
foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Claiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and
exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and
birds and animals and creeping things.”
In other word’s
Paul says decline happens, because people became focused on “things” instead of
the creator of those things. It’s not a coincidence that as Christ is removed
more from Christmas, that it becomes more about things, and more about
spending, spending, spending, which traps people in a materialistic cycle of
debt.
By
subversive Christmas carols, and Christmas movies that direct people to things
rather than Jesus Christ, Christmas has become one of the main drivers of
pushing people to something Jesus wanted to save them from: the love of things.
It’s an inversion, and a sad irony.
Please don’t
misunderstand me, I am not saying we can’t like these carols, or watch those
movies. Just don’t fall under their spell and forget what Christmas is really
about, and don’t be afraid to reassert the true meaning of “Christ’s mass”.
The message
of modern Christmas is indebt yourself to impress with gifts. The message of
the real Christmas is: Jesus offers us a “free gift” (Rom. 6:23) that pays off our
debts, the debts we owed God. Could you get a more wicked inversion than the
one in which we now live?
I think we
need to be shedding ourselves of the pagan inversions of Christmas as much as
possible. John said this, “4 Then I heard another voice from heaven
saying, “Come out of her, my people, lest you take part in her sins, lest you
share in her plagues…” (Rev. 18:4). The world system is very clever at
getting us to not only participate in it, but celebrate it, and perpetuate it.
The more
pagan our culture becomes, the more in bondage people are going to get. The
less things like Christmas will be a celebration and the more they will become
a burden on people, and the more people will begin to start looking for true
hope, a hope beyond possessions.
If we are
intentional about making Christmas about Jesus first and foremost, rather than
the message of the world, the more we remove ourselves from Babylon’s ways, the
more we will stand out from our culture and be an attractive light to those who
want freedom from the world’s ways.
This was one
of the reasons why Christmas was so powerful in the first place, because it was
centred around the message of the free gift of salvation in Jesus Christ. There’s
nothing wrong with giving and getting gifts and singing about reindeer and snow
at Christmas (as silly as that is for us Aussies, but ‘Let it Snow’ is my
favourite secular carol for one reason: it’s the song at the beginning and end
of Diehard) but the fact that this has become the main thing for many people is
what is wrong.
Think Missionally This Year – My encouragement to you this
Christmas, is to think first, not about gifts, nor about feasts, though all
these things are good things. Think first this Christmas about how you can teach
people about Jesus, whether your family, your friends, your neighbours, or your
work colleagues. Think Missionally this year about how you can teach people
about Jesus through what you say and what you do, in word and in deed. Invite
them church over Christmas, to Christmas Eve service, and let’s show them a
bunch of people who have a hope better than any material gift could ever give us.
Invite
people to the Christmas carol event on Christmas Eve. If they don’t want to
come to church, maybe at the family lunch read from the story of Jesus’ birth
in Matthew or Luke. Be creative in bringing back Christian tradition into your
celebrations. Maybe you can buy people a gift that points them to Jesus.
Also seek to
show that Christmas is not about things for you, but about more. So many people
focus on what they do, or do not get at Christmas. Be that different person who
cares more about presence, than presents.
Look out for
those in your life who are lonely and include them in your family events. If
you are lonely find someone else who you can celebrate with.
Look for
creative ways to engage people this year, to teach them about Jesus, and model to
them the freedom that Jesus offers us, freedom from the world’s way of doing
things.
Conclusion – The true purpose of Christmas is gospel
mission, let’s do that this year. If we want to truly celebrate Christmas as it
was intended we must seek to worship Jesus for who he is and what he has done,
and also teach others about him, especially the unsaved. Jesus came to die, and
rise again, and in doing so achieved our salvation. Peace and goodwill to all
men, comes through trusting in him. Tell people about Jesus this year. Let’s
pray.